The collection contains characteristic rocks and fossils from all around the world, covering the history of the evolution of life on earth from the first traces of life found in rocks 3 billion years ago until the appearance of the first land plants.

In particular, it includes an iron meteorite, stromatolites and siderites, which are rocks created 3.5 billion years ago by unicellular organisms, fossils of the "Entiakara Fauna", the first known multicellular organisms that appeared 700 millions of years ago, as well as fossil finds of animals that lived in the sea such as trilobites, the first corals and the first fish.

Impressive are also the fossils of the first primitive plants that lived on land, such as the ones belonging to the genera Taeniocrada and Psilophyton, plants that formed the forests of the Carboniferous Period, such as ferns and reeds, the first trees that lived on earth and the great variety of plants of the Mesozoic Era, with characteristic fossils from USA, China, Antarctica, Latin America and Europe, that lived 65 million years ago.