The collection includes plant fossils from fossil-bearing sites from all over Greece that belong to a wide variety of plants and provide us with a picture of vegetation and climate change through various time periods over the last 30 million years.

The collection is composed by fossilized tree trunks from Evros and the Petrified Forest of Lemnos, as well as leaf imprint fossils from the Aliveri - Kymi basin in Evia, the area of ​​Elassona, the Vegora basin, Santorini and Nisyros.

The most recent addition to the collection are calcified branches and leaves from the Holocene Epoch (10.000 years ago-today), which came from Agia Paraskevi, Chalkidiki, and were donated to the Museum by the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew in June 2001.