The most important find of the paleontological collection of the Museum is the fossilized lower jawbone with the chewing teeth and the bones of the Deinotherium (Prodeinotherium bavaricum), the first animal discovered in the area of the Petrified Forest and one of the oldest vertebrate fossils in Europe.

The collection also includes fossils of mammals, micro-mammals, reptiles, fish and invertebrates from the area of the Lesvos Petrified Forest, as well as fossils of vertebrates and invertebrates from around the world obtained through exchanges with other museums